Essay Draft

What is needed is essentially a gap, to show that aspects of r sectional thinking can coincide with faith. So the question must be asked; can faith and reason cookie SST? It is absolutely possible for rational thinking to be a part of faith, or more particularly religious s faith. The only point in which faith is irrational, is the initial leap Of faith one takes in order to make the decision. Besides this initial jump of blind faith, where one must fully trust a h Geiger power without complete understanding, every decision after this seemingly irrational I one, has the full capacity for rational thought.Often times thoughts, beliefs, and actions are often labeled as rational or irritate IANAL, but what defines something as rational? Rationality is defined as a pursuit of NAS were through the use of logical discourse and objective criteria. What comes out of this pursuit is w hat humans tend to think is rational. Generally speaking, rationality is what is â€Å"best on the tableâ₠¬ , it s purpose is to provide or attempt to provide, answers to questions based on factual evidence e and through the Kim 2 use of logical discourse and scientific advancements. With scientific advances, what is considered rational and irrational shifts as well.It is through new, changing eve dance that alters rationality. This is why rationality changes throughout the course of time, it is because new evidence is provided therefore changing the belief of what is considered ratio anal and what is considered to be irrational. Through the course of increased logical discourse and time, rationality and what one deems something as rational will continually evolve. Faith on the other hand, is belief that provides the best possible answers bas deed on scriptures and attempts to address the questions that science cannot. It's there e to provide the questions such as, â€Å"Why am I here? Or â€Å"What's my purpose on this earth? ‘. The is is the reason for why many accept religio n and faith into their lives. Many times humans De sire for purpose and reason for their lives. The theory of Existentialism and the brilliant minds of Albert Campus and Jean Paul State, articulate that humans possess an innate desire to create purpose in ones life. This wanting for purpose is satisfied through religion. Ultimately science awns errs the how, and faith answers the why it provides the purpose of everything in life, and the ever y essence of humans and their ultimate purpose.It is is evident that science deems that faith and reason are on the same page and essentially can be compared. However it is argued that the faith system and t he pursuit of rational answers to the universe are not on the same page. In fact, Francis Cool lines, director of the Human Genome Project states, â€Å"God gave us an opportunity through science to understand the natural world, but there will never be a scientific proof of God's existence† (Co Loins). It illuminates fact that scienc e is there not to contradict religion, but is there for the purpose of further understanding the world we live in.It's purpose is not to disprove relic ion, but instead to Kim 3 deepen our knowledge of the what we have already, the earth. It further sup rots the point that rational thinking and religion belong in two different domains and shows that the two are essentially two different scopes of looking at the world, from a spiritual stand point and both a rational standpoint. Furthermore Stephen Jay Gould, a famous evolutionary bi eulogist suggests of the existence of impoverishing magisterial (Gould). Gold's theory also know n as (NOAA) state that science and faith have separate teaching domains.This dissonance means that the findings and claims of both domain do not have to contradict each other. Pro egress in science does not have to disprove the teachings of religion. In the same way religion d goes not have to control every aspect of one's life. It demonstrates that besides t he initial leap of faith, what follows after has the potential to be rational as the existence of faith and ratio anally relate to two different domains. This is what it means to coexist separately. Therefore the p regress of rational thinking and science should not interfere with faith and vice versa.Essentially these two efferent domains are two different ways to come closer to, or attaining the Try HTH in their own respective fields. The assertion that faith does not cloud or bleed into the coo rise of logical thinking is made and emphasized quite heavily. In essence, the ideology that r elisions belief hinders one from rational thinking is disproved as it's heavily asserted that the e two belong in very different ballparks. Francis Collins, also indirectly refers to this theory of Gold's magisterial with the statement, â€Å"l was in a very reductionism frame of mind.The tats often what science imposes upon your thought process, and it's a good thing when you a ply it to the na tural world. But I sought to apply it to everything else. Obviously the spiritual world is another entity'. Collins admits that despite his numerous amount of years of science b 10th at Yale and the Human Genome Project, that the two domains of science and religion were is imply not meant to Kim 4 compliment or contradict each other. Ultimately, one can simply both be a sic intestine and a believer. Furthermore, it shows that both domains are indeed there and the d main of faith does not prevent progress through rational thinking.Therefore, when one claims t o believe, rational hinging is still present, because of the simple fact that the two belong in differ rent domains or region of thinking. There are of course the rare occasions when faith and reason do come together ere. This does not mean, however, that religion disproves rational thinking. Before the age o f Columbus, the rational way of thinking included the belief that the world was flat. A very pop alular and highly contro versial idea at the time, both rationality and religion produced the Sam e conclusion, that the world indeed was flat.This shows that despite the defined boundaries bet when reason and oath, that both can also hover on the same ideals. In the example of the world d being flat, both science and religion conformed to rational thinking that the world was flat (re member that rationality is what the best possible answer is based on the facts provided). D goes this not show that religion does not devalue rational thinking? It shows that religion does no t shun rational thinking, but rather is also another way of attaining the Truth.Thomas Aquinas s argues that faith and reason are just rather two methods but are related in that nature is sees initially God and the study of nature is to study God (Planting). Another instance where reason an d faith collide, is the theory of egocentricity. Rational thought at the time supported the hellion enteric theory based on the given evidence of past scholars. The institution who heavily supported this theory was none other than the Catholic Church. This can be seen as an act of irrational y that the Church did not base their decisions on the given evidences.However, this is not true as the works of supporters of the heliocentric theory remained hidden and censored, until we II after their own Kim 5 time. Once these works were discovered rationality would be altered as people now see that the Sun is the center and not the earth based on the provided evidence. It also go sees to show that rationality changes over time and ultimately takes time to change as evidence grows. Religion is seen as a concoction filled with emotion, and what better way to RI d oneself from rational thinking than to incorporate emotions?When one's emotions start to take control, one's thoughts and actions often become irrational. This being said, emotion and SE mentality often follow religion and faith, however even bigger than emotion, is action. Action s are a crucial part n almost every religion or philosophy. Without action nothing is achieved. As actions play a pivotal role in religion, emotions are irrelevant and can even be discouraged I n faith. Many times religion is institutionalized due to the supposed use of emotions and how h evilly religion relies on emotion. However this is not true at all.The basis Of religion is not s lowly based on emotions, but rather the actions and the strength or intimacy of faith that the individual carries. This goes to say however, that emotions aren't completely shunned by religion n, some are encouraged while others are discouraged completely. In Christianity the Ten Commandments that God provides humans with a set of guidelines that provided to the Israeli test the knowledge of certain actions and their moral values. It leaves out any aspect of emotion and are essentially just rules of what to do and what not to do.The word â€Å"do† immediately incisor orates actions and certain a cts but not emotions. Through an Eastern scope, the belief of actions and karma are a prime example. Furthermore religion goes about to shun certain emotions the at often bring about negative actions from humans through the verse â€Å"A fool gives full vent to his s rid, but a wise man quietly holds it back† (Proverbs 29:1 1). This popular verse depicts the rest train upon which Christianity places upon an individual. It shuns the expression of one's emotion NSA especially Kim 6 anger.Such restrictions on emotions are also present in Eastern philosophies and religions. In the religion of Hinduism, the discharge of emotions is evident. The fundamentals of Hinduism state that emotions hinder one from reaching the point of enlightenment. Further more emotions produce certain detrimental desires within an individual that prevents the par TTY from seeing the Truth; that emotions and personal desires are meaningless. Yes, religion does shun some emotions but not all emotions. Emot ions such a s happiness and euphoria are encouraged.But most if not all religions possess a unifying element of love and compassion (Jesus in Christianity, Shattered in Buddhism etc. ). Such a cone action begs to answer the question of whether or not such feelings incite irrational thin king, or if they re even emotions at all. Love is characterized by physical objects and actions. In a relic souse aspect the acts of Jesus Christ symbolize God's supposed love. If love is characterized by such acts, its more than safe to say that love is indeed an action and not an emotion. Love s shown through actions that symbolize the level of love that one possesses.But the deepest el veil of love is through sacrifice: and sacrifice is an action, therefore linking the overseen chaw in between love and actions. Through sacrifice one learns the value of love, and the greater the e sacrifice the greater strength Of love. However many believe that love is irrational, and that t is perfectly true, lov e itself is irrational, but the reasons why humans are rational according to social relationships s explained by Aristotle statement, â€Å"Man is by nature a social animal; an mind Vidal who is unsocial naturally and not accidentally is either beneath our notice or more the an human† (Rack).This quote shows that humans want if not need social interactions , such actions which include the essence of love. Therefore the need for love and further Soc ill interactions are justified as being rational. This justifies the rationality of why one chooses to Eve, or to embrace Kim 7 the concept of love. This unifying element of love also carries the implication t hat morally sound actions are heavily encouraged. The certain encouragement of morally sound behavior can be seen throughout all religions. The Buddhists describe this as dharma, and the Western belief perceives it as the Ten Commandments.The fact that such diverse religions c an come together on a single consensus that moral ly sound actions are essential to one's faith, provokes yet another question; the question of how such a phenomena can occur. Based o n the difference of the origins of these religions, it goes about to show that religions appeal to the e common interest Of people. This however, does not explain how or why certain extremists act the way the do. In such cases religion is seen as providing actions that resort to irrational action s.First off, remember that such extremists represent only a very small number of certain religious beliefs. Secondly, the actions of such extremists are fueled by their own interpretation NSA. Therefore, if the definition of rationality is defined as the product of the pursuit of knowledge, the interpretations of certain texts is one's own pursuit of knowledge. The late novelist and essays SST D. H. Lawrence States, â€Å"The human being is a most curious creature. † (Lawrence). The justifies Zion of such interpretations is essentially supported by thi s statement by Lawrence.The in trepidations of texts differ as different sects offer different answers to certain curiosities. Fur hormone, if an extremist no matter how extreme, is given the question of what is two plus two o, the answer will inevitably be four. Ultimately they would know and understand how and why two and two is four, even if they've never encountered the question before. They can prove t wrought the pursuit of logical thinking can they not? If they are capable of such actions it shows the at rational thinking is still present despite whatever faith they believe in. Essay Draft Actually one didn't even think at all. One was going by its instincts while the other was going by its knowledge. Now what's more more important knowledge of stuff, or being able to imagine the stuff. Let's say you're building a house. If you have knowledge you'll build a steady house, normal sized.With your imagination you could've imagined a mansion with a pool, home theater, etc. So what is more important. Essay: Very early in the story the narrator was talking about how cold it is, and how that's all that came to the mans head,† Oh,it's cold. † While the dog didn't know it was below freezing he could read a thermometer, he knew this was no time to be out, and he wondered why the man hasn't built a fire yet. The man kept walking and walking only thinking about how cold it is.In this case he dogs instincts win. Dog 1- Man O Next case scenario is when the man sends the dog to go up front and check if it's safe. The dog goes and falls on water, causing him to quickly lick his paws to get them heated so they wouldn't freeze and get numb. Now the dog didn't know what would happen if his feet got frozen, it was its instinct. The man also falls in water wetting his knees, he knew this would delay him an hour and that he had to build a fire.He got a fire starting but because he kept boning the tree to grab branches, the snow from atop the tree fell down on the fire. He got angry and tried to build another fire, but his feet and hands were badly frozen. There was nothing he could do. The dog's instincts win again. Dog 2-Man O Now there are many more scenarios and could keep going naming one by one then explaining but that will be boring. So IM going to shake things up a bit. The man has lots of knowledge as you know, but he doesn't have knowledge of the things surrounding him, as it's his first winter. Essay Draft Competitions are everywhere in our society. People compete against each other using deferent ways and effective behaviors. They stimulate people's creativities and Innovations. They help people promote their maximum potentials. Athletes practice and train hard to reach their goals. Companies cooperate and create Innovative products to change the world. Cakewalk does her best to learn and Improve with Dry. Larvae's help In order to win the national spelling bee competition while she feels incontinent competing against Dylan.However, competitions could bring up negative behaviors at the same time, depending what attitudes and behaviors people are holding In the competitions. Cheating Is s behavior when people try to win during a competition. Some people steal classical files and take advantage of others' secrets. In the movie of Cakewalk and the Bee, a competitors mother cheats in the competition, who tries to help her son go to the next round. In summary, competitions are two- sided s words. All kinds of behaviors show up in competitions.Cooperating, cheating ND practicing are behaviors that help them to succeed in the competitions. Cooperating is one of the significant behaviors in competitions. Under the pressure of competitions, competitors spontaneously learn from each other and unite as a larger group. For example, Nikkei and Apple are two top companies at their fields. As the society becomes more digitized, they cooperate and they share technologies. As a result, a pair of Nikkei shoes with high-tech chip can directly connect to Apple devices to record data. In the movie, Cakewalk is invited to Join a Spelling Bee Club at another school.She gets a chance to learn from her friends, who are also competitors. They share experiences and strategies and play interesting games. She improves her skills in the group. At the national spelling bee competition, Cakewalk misspells a word because she does not want to upset Dylan father. But Dylan does the same thing to h er. They compete fairly and they both get 25 champion words. Cooperation makes them succeed in sharing the champion. When people compete, they sometimes cooperate because it is the best way the maximize their advantages. Those people ho want to win so badly cheat.They try to take advantage of what they can get In the competition in inappropriate WAP to compete. For Instance, people use cellophane to find the answers or copy from others' paper while taking exams. Essay Draft 1 By Philanthropically different ways and effective behaviors. They stimulate people's creativities and innovations. They help people promote their maximum potentials. Athletes practice and train hard to reach their goals. Companies cooperate and create innovative products to change the world. Cakewalk does her best to learn and improve with Dry.Larvae's help in order to win the national spelling bee competition while she feels unconfined competing against Dylan. However, competitions could bring up negative hold ing in the competitions. Cheating is s behavior when people try to win during a In the movie of Cakewalk and the Bee, a competitor's mother cheats in the competition, Cooperating is one of the significant behaviors in competitions. Under the pressure who want to win so badly cheat. They try to take advantage of what they can get in the competition in inappropriate ways to compete. For instance, people use

Coca-Cola Essay

If we told you that Coca-Cola had operating units in 50 countries around the world, you probably would not be surprised. If we told you that Coca-Cola had been in business for almost 125 years, you probably would not be surprised. So, you tell us †¦ how many different beverages does Coca-Cola produce? 100? 500? 2, 000? Are you surprised yet? Worldwide, Coca-Cola produces an amazing 2, 800 different beverages. When an organization is that big, has that sort of worldwide presence, and boasts what is perhaps the most well-known brand ever, you can bet that a multitude of IT systems are constantly churning in the background, not only keeping the organization running, but also keeping it running ahead of the competition. To support internal collaboration efforts, Coke created something it calls its Common Innovation Framework, a Web-based system that combines project management capabilities with business intelligence. Using the Innovation Framework, anyone from any of the operating units worldwide can search for, find, and apply concepts, strategies, development successes, and marketing approaches that have been used elsewhere in the organization. For example, when introducing Georgia teas in Australia, the Coke people Down Under can research what marketing strategies worked well in related countries such as New Zealand. As Jean-Michel Ares, Coke CIO, explains if, â€Å"Once you have aggregated the pipeline of innovation, the object is to assess and prioritize the best allocation of resources in the organization. Beyond internal employees, Coke is reaching out with new and innovative IT steps. Recently, it rolled out a new line of software services based on hundreds of business processes to its extended family of bottlers. These software services each perform a specific common business function and run within SAP’s ERP software and are delivered by Coke’s IBM hosted date centers. The goal is to create a standardized business and technology platform across all Coke bottlers, most of which are independent franchises. (There are some partly owned by Coke) If Coke and its bottlers are speaking the same language, so to speak, and using the same technology, then supply chain management applications will be the more efficiently streamlined. Standardized in their case equates to saving money by reducing expenses associated with supply chain activities. And even beyond its extended family to bottlers, Coke is using technology to create loyalty and engage more with its customers. Its award winning Web site, My Coke Rewards at www.mycokerewards.com, is the second most popular consumer packaged-goods site, behind only www.kraftfoods.com. My Coke Rewards attracts some 300,000 visitors per day. Offering everything from magazine subscriptions to electronics as prizes (just look under your bottle cap). My Coke Rewards has reconnected Coke with its loyal drinkers. The site has teamed with pop culture crazes such as American Idol, soccer, and auto racing to bring even more consumers into the fold. You can even find Coke-labeled songs through iTunes. Questions: 1.Describe the various IT-enabled initiatives discussed in this case study and categorize them as either above-the-line, below-the-line, or some combination of the two. 2.Why is standardization so important in supply chain management? Coke is developing its own set of software services for bottlers to use. Do you think Coke charges the bottlers for these software services? Why or why not? 3.Describe two different forms of e-collaboration in this case study. For each, articulate the benefits to Coke. 4.How is My Coke Rewards an example of a switching cost? How can a switching cost not have a monetary penalty associated with it. 5.Referring to the diagram below, what do you believe to be Coke’s overall organizational structure? Why? How does Coke’s use of technology support your decision? 6.What sort of business intelligence could Coke gather from its My Coke Rewards Web-site? How could it use this information for customer relationship management activities?

DHL in United Arab Emirates Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

DHL in United Arab Emirates - Essay Example Additionally, United Arab Emirates has high potential growth in the courier, parcel, and express services which cause high demand for express product. For the world, the logistics company is the major international product. The products for DHL Supply Chain include Lead Logistics provider, Technical Services, Packages services, Integrated Logistics Procurement, service parts logistics, airline business solutions, and e-fulfillment. The goal of this supply chain for DHL is to ensure that their customers’ information and products reach their markets efficiently and quickly. This way, the company manages to secure a competitive advantage. The services offered by Williams Lea include marketing solutions, consumer correspondence, and office document solutions. DHL supply chain is categorized into three regions mainly Asian Pacific/Africa/Middle East, America, and Europe. DHL chain offers solutions in six areas of consumer, technology, retail, Healthcare and life science, energy & a utomotive. Each of DHL’s sectors is governed by a sector management given that the organizational management structure facilitates the development and implementation supply chain specialized on the basis of sector. Each sector head works with a team of specialists responsible for handling projects for customers. According to Tsen, Yue, & Taylor (2005), transportation is the determinant of efficient movement of products and information. Logistics enterprises are the involved in activities of value flow within the logistics value chain. These activities include warehousing, transportation distribution, packaging, distribution process, and handling loading and unloading (Zhou, 2013).

Week 2 Individual Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Week 2 Individual Paper - Essay Example The formulas of financial ratios combine the variables of the financial statements. For example the return of equity formula is calculated in the following manner: net income / shareholders equity. Net income is a variable that is found in the income statement, while shareholders equity is an element from the balance sheet. Two financial statements whose elements interact with each other are the income statement and the statement of retained earnings. The total net income illustrated at the bottom of the income statement is a figure that is added to the initial retained earnings balance. Another relationship of interaction among the elements of the statements is between the statement of retained earnings and the balance sheet. The ending retained earnings balance illustrated at the bottom of statement of retained earnings is the same figure that is shown in the equity section of the balance sheet. Changes in one financial statement can affect the other financial statement in certain circumstances. The net income total is used in the statement of retained earnings as a variable that is added to the initial retained earnings balance. For example if a company ended with a year-end net losses that figure would set off a chain reaction which affects other financial statements. The losses are moved to the statement of retained earnings where they are subtracted from the initial retained earnings balance. The final retained earnings balance is then transferred to the balance sheet. Not all changes to accounts in one financial statement affect the other. For instance a change in the debt total in the balance sheet does not affect the income statement in any way. It is important for business professionals to understand the relationship between the four financial statements. The statements together provide a picture of the financial health of an enterprise. A person can make an error analyzing a

MOUNTAIN DEW Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

MOUNTAIN DEW - Assignment Example One familiar commercial shows a Cheetah being chased by a cyclist to retrieve the MD can it swallowed. Later, three other cyclists holding MD cans quench their thirst as the cheetah displays the slogan, â€Å"Do the dew.† This commercial typically shows that MD drinkers are unique. They can slip an arm into the animal’s throat without being hurt and can beat a cheetah in a dessert race, which normal people cannot do. The other commercial called â€Å"The Labor of Love† shows a healthy baby boy who jumps off his mom’s womb at birth. Apparently, his father loves to drink MD so the baby is unique. He does things that are not typical of boys at his age. Therefore, this commercial confirms that MD is for unique people. The third commercial called â€Å"Mock Opera† shows four guys singing MD’s â€Å"Do the Dew Song.† This ad also implies the notion that MD drinkers are uniquely talented. They can lead multitudes to sing the MD song. The position of the singers, juxtaposed with the crowd, emphasizes their superiority over others. Clearly, the three ads emphasize the identity of MD as a unique drink from the mountain. They also illustrate that MD is different from other popular soda drinks. They attract consumers who opt for a drink with extraordinary or unique taste. With its commercials, MD also suggests that its drinkers are unique and by drinking the dew, consumers will be capable of doing the extraordinary. Among the three ads, the third one best represents the identity and direction of MD. Letting the singers have the dew instead of giving it to the physically active illustrates that MD is not actually for the physically active but for extraordinary or uniquely talented people. As the four talented singers take the dew, the ad implies that MD is for those with distinct taste and style. The view of the singers leading the public in chorus suggests that MD drinkers have summed up to multitudes, thus many have made a unique

A Micro and Macro Analysis of the Mobile Industry Environment Using Essay

A Micro and Macro Analysis of the Mobile Industry Environment Using the Pestel Analysis. A Case Study of Blackberry - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that Blackberry is one of the multinational electronic product suppliers in the world that has managed to dominate the mobile industry market for a long time now in the history of the mobile industry. The organization is a major supplier of wireless devices including mobile phones and pagers and currently working on the launch of more products. Commonly known as Research in Motion, the company started in 1984 and took the world by storm in 1999 with the introduction of blackberry solutions. It continued to produce advanced models of blackberry solutions while partnering with technological and telecommunication companies such as MTN, Yahoo, AOL among others. Blackberry has proved a superior communication device especially during the 9/11 crisis, in which it was able to send messages where other devices had failed. In addition, during the anthrax scare, blackberry also emerged a superior means of wireless communication, and the two incidences earned it a reputation for security and reliability. BlackBerry recorded a revenue of $18.435 billion and profit of $ 1.164 billion in 2012. The company’s main competitors are Google Inc., Nokia OYJ, Apple Inc., and Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. However, the mobile industry environment has considerably changed, and the intensity of competition has greatly put the supplier at a lower bargaining end. As Husso points out in his research, scholars have taken a keynote of the change in the dynamic mobile environment that has threatened to push most organizations out of the market. Despite the fact that the company is performing well financially, it is not immune to the pressures of external forces. Currently, most researchers have established that new market entrants, change of technology, and development of new government regulations have all heightened the competition. Consequently, the organization has engaged in research-driven strategic management to react to the changes in the market force and to remain profitable in this industry. The mobile industry is one of the market environments that have garnered a wide range of research from scholars across the world. Ryan expressed the competition that exists within the mobile industry and recommended that all mobile industries switch to modest business strategies to survive in the competitive market. This scholar pointed out that competition has reduced the cost mobile products so much that business priced-market strategies have become obsolete in this market. The research of Ryan has been followed by numerous researchers seeking to evaluate various aspects of the mobile industry environment. Researchers such as Kim and Tallberg have paid particular attention to the mobile handset market and the competition that has emerged in the recent past.

The Nature of Innovation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The Nature of Innovation - Essay Example The regulations on the issuance of patent rights, government procurement, research, and development, established innovation as a continuous organized activity of business rather than a random foray into intermittent flashes of creativity. Today, it is more than an industrial undertaking; it is, rather, a priority in national, and international, economic development. Probably the first cogent definition of innovation is that advanced by Schumpeter (1938, pp. 63-66) as falling into one of five forms, namely: (1) product innovation, or new products from the viewpoint of consumers; (2) process innovation, involving either new methods of production or new ways of managing the distribution and flow of commodities; (3) new markets opened up; (4) new sources of raw materials or intermediate goods; and (5) new organisation of an industry’s competitive structure. According to Schumpeter, these five forms all involve the transformation process attendant to innovation because they lead to â€Å"creative destruction† - that is, old forms are destroyed and new ones emerge to take their place. Other authors tend to categorize differently although generally along the same lines; for instance, the more recent study of Frame and White (2004) classifies innovation into four categories: new products, new services, new processes, and new organizational forms. Of special interest in this discussion is that interface between technological and financial innovation, and how the product of this fusion is used in the advancement of economic activity. While the term technological innovation has been so commonly understood as to be almost a redundancy, the concept of â€Å"financial innovation† is still unfamiliar to many and nebulous to many more. The term’s import could be deduced from the primary function of finance, which is the facilitation of the â€Å"allocation and deployment of economic resources in an uncertain environment†.

Elements of Leadership Styles Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Elements of Leadership Styles - Coursework Example The characteristic features of a leader include his ability to withstand the opposition, make the right decisions, ability to hold on to the ground despite the difficulties, and unite people of different kind under one roof regardless of their social and racial differences. On a relatively different scale, the unions that are essential part of organizations seek a leader for putting forward their agendas and serving the rights of labors and workers. This form of leadership applies to the organizational leadership skills. The effective working of unions increases the throughput of the incumbent organization, at the same time lead to employees’ satisfaction. This all is subject to effective leadership skills (Daily, 2005). Leadership styles vary in nature, while some are carrot and stick based; others are purely incentive based, while the rest rely on equal treatment. The best amongst all are those that can bring the best out of an individual, be flexible and adaptive to the nature of changing environments all around (Mehrotra,

Patient safety in the operating room Term Paper - 1

Patient safety in the operating room - Term Paper Example ip, culture and behavior---rather than the science that proves to be the weak link in the chain of health-care delivery and patient safety.† In fact, patient’s safety in the operating room has a direct impact on nursing. Therefore, the procedure and methodologies used to ensure ultimate objective of patient safety are required to be studied for effects on nursing behavior and practices. Throughout the history of healthcare and especially in the recent decades the operating room nursing practices are primarily influenced by the patient safety. Operating Room (OR) nursing is gauged by the preventive measures and safe handling of the patient. The Operating room safe handling is closely monitored, and a mere negligence can bring the devastating results. Under these circumstances pressures and stress are the natural outcome in OR nursing practices.   â€Å"Focusing on the structure, processing and outcomes of care, a behavioral health patient safety program continually emphasizes changing the system to make treatment safer for consumers through evolution of the evidence.† (Fowler & Susan, n. page). This focus and monitoring at all levels demand an extra bit of vigilance and strict compliance with laid down procedures and standing orders to ensure patient safety. However, it reduces the margin of decisions, which is a major instrument for safety management in op erating rooms. Drawing on the importance and sensitivity of decision in operating rooms Pikaar, Ernst &, Paul (239) states, â€Å"The surgical domain is a fragile and a complex web of experts with constant decision making and uncertainties linked to patient safety. Any unwanted technological interference in key treatment strategies or surgical tasks can lead to fatalities.† The complexities of decision-making are not limited to technological domains, the psychological pressures and overriding stress can be equally distressing for nursing staff. The Patient Safety precautions can also affect the operating

Article of Confederation Essay Example for Free

Article of Confederation Essay The first constitution was written in the United States was called the â€Å"Articles of Confederation. † It established a loose league of friendship between thirteen sovereign states and proposed that each state have its sovereignty, freedom, and independence. The Articles of Confederation approve in 1781, which led to a period of crisis between the years 1781 and 1789. This period refer as the Critical Period. The Articles of Confederation was the precursor of the United States Constitution because of the many reasons it had weaknesses and replaced by the United States Constitution. The Constitution of the United States comprises the nations fundamental law, providing the framework for its governance and the principles under which it must operate. When the constitution was written, it was intended to endure for ages, be flexible, and adaptable for future generations. The constitution was intended to be the supreme law of the land. â€Å"To win the required approval from all 13 states, drafters changed the plan and granted the Confederation control of western lands. After four years, the Articles finally won ratification in 1781. † (Created Equal, pg. 77) The Articles of Confederation, which were ratified in 1781, became the first constitution. The Articles of Confederation dealt with three problems: taxation, representation, and the extent of control over western territories. First, the Articles of Confederation weakness was that the central government did not have the power to collect taxes. As the Articles of Confederation illustrate, â€Å"According to the Articles, Congress could not collect taxes or regulate trade; it could only requisition funds from the states. Shares would vary depending on each state’s free population. (Created Equal, pg. 177) Under the Articles of Confederation, the state government can only send its contribution annually to the national government but they cannot be compelled to pay taxes. Due to this huge weakness, many problems arose in the U. S, which were signs of the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation. The trade agreements Congress had made with other nations were not always carried out. Many people soon started importing goods from other countries that they refused to pay for. Consequently, people in other nations soon became reluctant to trade with the U.  S; even Great Britain closed its commerce to it, which resulted in the loss of a lot of money because of lack of trade. There was also competition among the states, as they started levying taxes on goods passing through them to other states. Taxes are the lifeblood of the nation. Without it, no government machinery will function. Thus, the national government could not perform its functions because it did not have the funds. Second weakness was the enactment of laws. Under the Articles of Confederation, the enactment of laws needed the approval of 9 out of 13 states. The voting obligation is quite high. As a result, five states could easily prevent the enactment of laws, which seriously jeopardized the enactment of laws that needed to be passed. The Articles of Confederation note, â€Å"Moreover, the Confederation had no separate executive branch; executive functions fell to various committees of the Confederation Congress. † (Created Equal, pg. 177) There was no executive branch to institute the policies for the entire nation. As a result, the state governments did not have a cohesive policy that every state government should follow. Consequently, the state governments individually created their own policies. Since there was no national judiciary, the state courts were tasked to interpret laws. As George Mason indicates, â€Å"The Judiciary of the United States is so constructed extended, as to absorb and destroy the Judiciarys of the several States; thereby rendering Law as tedious intricate and expensive, Justice as unattainable, by a great Part of the Community, as in England, and enabling the Rich to oppress ruin the Poor. † (Mason, Paragraph 2, pg. 10) It had become clear that it was necessary to abandon the Articles of Confederation in favor of a constitution that provided for a stronger national government, created a national judiciary and strong Congress. Finally, the United States had different issues that they had to deal with. These were foreign affairs, economic conditions, and Western land. The Articles clarify, â€Å"In addition, to the dismay of land speculators, the Congress would not control the western domains that several large states had claimed. † (Created Equal, pg. 77) The government was weak due to poor economic conditions and the people still feared the power of the central government. These weaknesses posed a threat to the effectiveness of the government. Under the Articles of Confederation, there was a unicameral legislature. There was one house and there were no executive or judiciary branches. Each state had the same number of representatives and their own currency. The states taxed each other and affecting the value of money to decrease and posed a threat to the economic stability of the United States, which was already weak and in need of reformation. The Articles of Confederation was the precursor of the United States Constitution because of the many reasons it had weaknesses and replaced by the United States Constitution. It brought the colonies together as a loose confederation with the state’s rights being more important than the power of the federal government. Even though the government under the Articles of Confederation was very weak, it was still more democratic because it gave more rights and power to the states. The Articles unified the states under a loose confederation, which lacked a strong, central government. Although the Articles of Confederation had several successes, it created far more weaknesses and failures. The failures of the Articles had to be addressed, so a new constitution was created and drafted at the Constitutional Convention, which determined the many failures of the Articles, and created a strong central government. A controversial issue has been debated over whether the government under the Articles of Confederation or the Constitution was more democratic. The Articles of Confederation created a more democratic government because it gave power to the individual states and to the people.

Preparation of Recrystallization of Aspirin

Preparation of Recrystallization of Aspirin 1. Synopsis This experiment serves 2 objectives the production of Aspirin from esterification of salicylic acid with excess acetic anhydride and obtaining it in a purer state by recrystallisation, hence determines the melting point of the acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) that was synthesised and purified. To achieve this, salicylic acid is reacted with excess acetic anhydride in the presence of the sulphuric acid as the catalyst, which produces precipitate ASA and aqueous acetic acid. I applied suction filtration to collect the ASA as the residue having acetic acid as the filtrate. Pure aspirin is a white crystalline solid. The aspirin initially produced by synthesis may be light tan, indicating the presence of impurities. The ASA synthesis earlier is purified by recrystallization. In recrystallization, the impure solid is dissolved in a hot solvent (aqueous ethanol) and the resulting solution is allowed to cool slowly. As the solution cools, crystals of the product will form and soluble impurities will remain in solution. From this experiment, the percentage yield of ASA is around 49%, using capillary test the melting point of ASA falls in the rage of 137.9-140.5 0 C. The appearance of ASA is an odourless, white, needle-shaped and shiny solid. In conclusion, experiment is a success. Despite product had a low percent yield and was found to be impure due to its low melting point. 2. Introduction Aspirin is the trade name for the molecule acetylsalicylic acid. The earliest known use of this molecule has been traced back to the fifth century B.C. The Greek physician Hippocrates described an extract of willow tree bark, a bitter powder that could be used to reduce fevers. In 1829, Salicin was isolated from willow bark and used as a pain reliever. Unfortunately Salicin was not very popular since it was found to be very acidic and a stomach irritant. In 1897 Felix Hoffman, a German chemist, was working for the Bayer chemical company. Hoffman wanted to formulate for a less acidic pain reliever as his father could consume for his arthritis. His studies led to the synthesis of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) or aspirin. Bayer patented the name and commenced to market the product in 1899. It was a huge success and sales grew rapidly. In fact, the company set up by Friedrich Bayer Company is generally considered to have been the first pharmaceutical company, and the production of aspirin has indisputably laid the base of the modern pharmaceutical industry. Only until the 1970s that scientists starts to comprehend the concept on how aspirin function as a pain reliever. Today 80 billion aspirin tablets are taken every year over the al the countries to reduce fevers, relieve pain, and even help prevent heart attacks. Bayer In commercial aspirin products, a small amount of ASA (300 to 400 mg) is bound together with a starch binder and sometimes caffeine and buffers to make an aspirin tablet. The basic conditions in the small intestine break down the ASA to yield salicylic acid, which is absorbed into the bloodstream. The addition of a buffer reduces the irritation caused by the carboxylic acid group of the aspirin molecule. 3. Theory Esters are organic compounds with the general formula RCOOR, where R and R can be an alkyl group or an aromatic group. Alkyl group is an alkane that is short of one hydrogen since it needs one bond to be branched from the parent chain. Aromatic compounds are a class of molecules containing benzene, a six-membered carbon rings with delocalized pi electrons. This type of group is found in salicyclic acid and ASA. Esters are readily synthesized by the reaction between a carboxylic acid, RCOOH, and an alcohol, ROH, as shown in the following reaction. The reaction above is also known as esterification. It is a condensation reaction, whereby two molecules combine to form one single molecule, while removing a small molecule (e.g. H2O) in the process. The reaction to I have used synthesis ASA is very similar to the one above. Salicylic acid a phenol consisting of a phenyl bonded to the hydroxyl (-OH) which is very much alike to alcohol and acetic Anhydride is a dehydrated carboxylic acid (acetic acid). In the below reaction we use concentrated sulphuric acid as the catalyst. After the warm bath to complete the reaction, we added cold water to quench the reaction (hydrolysis of acetic anhydride) to prevent further reaction to take place. The cold water must be added quickly as to allow fast crystal formations due to the drastic drop in temperature. Stir and rub the walls can create uneven surfaces hence inducing crystallization. ). As such, in this experiment, 2.4 grams of salicylic acid should yield 3.13 grams of Aspirin, it is stated that acetic anhydride is in excess. This is proven by the following calculation: Mol of salicylic acid in this experiment: 2.4(2d.p)/138 = 0.0174 (3 s.f.) Mol of salicylic acid : Mol of Aspirin 1 : 1 Therefore, Mol of Aspirin: 0.0174/1 x 1 = 0.0174 (3 s.f.) Expected mass of Aspirin: 0.017391 x 180 = 3.130 (3 dec.) The solid ASA formed contains impurities and should be recrystallised to achieve a purer state. Recrystallization is possible because most solids are more soluble in hot solvents than in cold solvents. The solubility of ASA increases as temperature increases. This means that if aspirin is dissolved in ethanol to produce a saturated solution and that solution is cooled, the aspirin will crystallize during the cooling. Ethanol has been chosen as the solvent because the polar nature of the hydroxyl group causes ethanol to dissolve many ionic compounds, moreover the ethanol molecule also has a non-polar end, and it will also dissolve non-polar substances. While cooling, crystallization takes place. In crystallization, there is a slow, selective formation of the crystal framework resulting in a pure compound. Instead in precipitation, due to the rapid formation it will trap impurities in the solids crystal framework. For this reason, we should include crystallization to get a purer solid substance. The alternate way of synthesising the aspirin can be produced by replacing the acetylating agent from acetic anhydride to an even more acidic acid known as acetyl chloride CH3COCl. This can increase the percentage yield of ASA, since acetyl chloride is more acidic. The reaction of acetyl chloride with salicylic acid is showed below. However, the by-product is hydrochloric acid (HCl) instead of acetic acid. However, Acetic anhydride is preferred because it is less hazardous to use and less expensive than acetyl chloride. In industry, the acetic acid produced in this reaction can be recovered and converted back into acetic anhydride by the process known as dehydration: We may also create or Salicylic acid from Kolbes reaction whereby we start with a phenol: 4. Procedure Approximately 2.4 grams of salicylic acid is weighed and placed in a dry, 100ml conical flask. 6ml of acetic anhydride is added into the same conical flask, along with 3-4 drops of concentrated H2SO4 as catalyst. The conical flask is then heated at 80-100 degree C in a water bath for 10 to 15 minutes to hasten the reaction. 1ml of distilled H2O is added into the conical flask immediately after it is removed from water bath. 40ml of cold distilled H2O is then added to the conical flask. A stirring rod is used to gently rub the side of the conical flask. This is to scratch off crystals which have formed. Suction filtration is then carried out to remove the crystals from the solution. The crystals are removed from the filter paper. To ensure accuracy, cold distilled H2O is used to wash away remaining crystals from the filter paper. The crystals are then dissolved in 5ml of ethanol. 30ml of hot, distilled H2O is added into the solution, and slowly cooled. Crystallisation of Aspirin will take place as the solution is cooled to room temperature. Suction filtration is done to remove the Aspirin from the solution. The residue is then placed on a watch glass along with the filter paper. Aspirin is then dried by placing it in the oven for 20 minutes, along with the watch glass and filter paper. It will then be transferred to the desiccators for 15 minutes to further dry it. The crystals remained on the filter paper would be pure, dry, Aspirin. The following measurements are taken: Actual weight of salicylic acid is weighed at (1). Weight of filter paper and watch glass is taken. Weight of Aspirin, along with watch glass and filter paper, is taken after (15). After obtaining Aspirin, the melting point of Aspirin is then determined using the capillary method. 5. Results and Calculation Mass Mass of salicylic acid (a) = 2.39 g Mass of filter paper watch glass (b) = 33.11 g Mass of dried, recrystallised aspirin, filter paper watch glass (c) = 34.64 g Mass of dried, recrystallised aspirin (d) = (c) (b) = 34.64-33.11 = 1.53 g Percent yield Number of moles of salicylic acid used (e) = 0.0173 mol (Molecular weight of salicylic acid = 138) Expected number of moles of aspirin (f) = 0.0173 mol Expected mass of aspirin (g) = 3.12 g (Molecular weight = 180) Melting point Temperature range 137.9-140.5Â °C Appearance Needle shaped, white, and shiny. 6. Discussion My percentage yield ASA is relatively low since it is only 49%. This may occur due to several factors: While transferring the salicylic acid, some of the solid may stay at the side of the conical flask and even your spactula, and resulting in lesser salicylic acid participating in the process of esterification compared to what have been weighed earlier. Thus, this will result in lower yield of the crystal ASA. It will be advisable to wash the walls with distilled water to ensure more salicylic acid will participate in the reaction. When dissolving the initial amount of salicylic acid in the solution of acetic anhydride and concentrated sulphuric acid, it did not completely dissolve into the solution, even when it was heated. This could have a slight impact on the results of the overall yield of aspirin because it was possible that not all of the salicylic acid was synthesized. To determine if this affected the synthesis of aspirin at all, the experiment should have been ran a second time to see if the same thing occurred. The iron (III) chloride test also could have been ran to determine if any of the aspirin degraded to salicylic acid or never converted from salicylic acid. During the suction filtration we should rinse the solid ASA formed in the conical flask and the glass rod during the synthesis before pouring into the BÃ ¼chner funnel repeatedly. After the final suction filtration, another error causes the percentage yield to drop. This is due to the crystals not being fully collected on the filter paper, but rather, remains on the side of the Buchner funnel. This loss can be minimized by the crystals from the side of the BÃ ¼chner funnel to the filter paper moving using a metal spatula before collecting the filter paper and placing it on the watch glass. During recrystallization, one common error of adding too much solvent (ethanol) will result in less percentage yield while cooling. We should refrain from moving or shifting the solution while it is cooling as it will interrupt the crystal formation since the particles are generally held by weak dispersion forces, dipole-dipole forces, and hydrogen bond. We should also allow slow crystal formation as fast crystal formation will cause the trap of impurities and giving higher percentage yield. With the presence of impurities the melting point will decrease and vary in a larger range. 7. Conclusion In conclusion, the experiment is a success since I have managed to synthesis and recrystallise the ASA although we have relatively low percentage yield of 49% that may arise due to several factors as stated in the discussion. I was able to analysis the melting point of the recrystallised aspirin and it is generally low in temperature which implies the presence of impurities.

Macbeth Essay :: essays research papers

Macbeth A Comparison of the characters Macbeth and Lady Macbeth   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The play Macbeth, written by the playwright William Shakespeare, has two main characters, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth. Macbeth is a general of Duncan’s army, and Lady Macbeth is his wife. Each of these two characters have different personalities and traits, however they are married to each other and appear to be in love.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Macbeth first appeared in the play in (i.ii). He is a Scottish general fighting under Duncan’s rule. He is portrayed as a valiant soldier and a powerful man with honor and allegiance to his country. Duncan, the king of Scotland, also gave him the title of the Thane of Cawdor, which is a high honor.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  However, as the play proceeds, the reader becomes aware that Macbeth has some other personality traits as well. When Macbeth first meets with the three witches, and they tell him their prediction of him becoming a future king, the first characteristics that the reader learns now coincide with some new ones, self-doubt, and the realization that others can easily influence Macbeth.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lady Macbeth first comes across to us as an evil person. When the reader first comes into contact with Lady Macbeth (i.v), she receives a letter telling her about the witches’ prophecy of Macbeth becoming king; she immediately begins to plan Duncan’s murder. She believes that by making Macbeth kill Duncan, she would be able to get closer to the throne of Scotland, which then would give her an immense power. Lady Macbeth appears to be driven by the longing for power throughout the first two scenes of the play, and also comes across with tons of power over her husband.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Macbeth first speaks to Lady Macbeth about the prediction that the three witches had of him becoming king, she encourages him to kill Duncan. Macbeth, on the other hand, is nervous about the consequences and the repercussions of committing murder, and almost decides not to do it. Lady Macbeth then proceeds to almost make fun of Macbeth by questioning his purpose as a man.

Comparing Relationships in Josephine Miles Housewife and Cathy Songs Picture Bride :: Comparison Compare Contrast Essays

Relationships in Josephine Miles' Housewife and Cathy Song's Picture Bride Having a relationship is a very exciting and sense of belonging thing. A relationship between a man and a woman can have extremely great times and also can bring out the worst times. There are just certain things that you have to do and believe to have a relationship work out right. Times are changing rapidly, and so are relationships. Both people in the relationship need to have the same feelings, or else things just do not work out. Before, women in the relationship were expected to do all of the housework and take care of the children. These days, women just do not normally do this by themselves. Our modern women believe in the 50-50 type of lifestyle. In Josephine Miles' "Housewife," the narrator is talking about a woman who basically is very unhappy. "Occasional mornings when an early fog/ not yet dispersed stands in every yard/ And drips and undiscloses, she is severely/ Put to the task of herself," explains how this woman gets up, before it is completely light out, and is already working on her daily work. (Pg. 285 lines 1-4) She does not get to sit and relax first thing in the morning, she goes straight for her chores, which she probably continues nonstop the whole day. "But when the fog at the glass pauses and closes/ She is put to ponder/ A life-line, how it chooses to run obscurely/ In her hand, before her," is basically showing how she wants to do something else with her life. (lines 9-12) She is wonde ring if she will ever be able to do something besides take care of the house and family. Many people, not as much today, are set up with their future husbands/wives. In royal families and certain cultures, the parents pick who their child's spouse will be. This obviously in most cases will lead to a very unhappy married life. How could you spend your life with someone that you do not even love? Why should someone get to choose your mate for you? There are also what they call "mail order brides." These women usually come from poor communities, who just want to get away and come to the United States or elsewhere and make a better life for them. Cathy Song's poem, "Picture Bride" is about this type of marriage. "Did she simply close/ the door of her father's house/ and walk away," shows that the husband is questioning the type of life that his bride had.

The Scarlet Letter and Hawthorn’s Theory of Romance :: Scarlet Letter essays

The Scarlet Letter and Hawthorn’s Theory of Romance Nathaniel Hawthorn started writing The Scarlet Letter in 1847 and it was published in 1850. The Scarlet Letter is recognize by many "critics as being one of the greatest of American novels."1 Hawthorn created his own individual style of "romance," a style of writing. His own individual style of writing is now called "Hawthorn's Theory of Romance". His "theory of Romance" is emphasized in The Scarlet Letter in many different ways. The techniques Hawthorn used in The Scarlet Letter are basically from his "theory of Romance." Hawthorn uses his "theory of Romance" in many different ways in The Scarlet Letter. Hawthorn being a Romantic writer incorporates many characteristics of Romanticism and also includes his "theory of Romance" in the novel. Some romanticism ideas he incorporates are those of heroic characters which would include Hester Prynne "It had the effect of a spell, taking her out of the ordinary relations with humanity, and enclosing her in a sphere by herself."2 A heroic character is "bigger than those found in ordinary life" and also is strong, brave, noble, risky and powerful. Another characteristic he includes is the writing of mysterious events such as the adultery of Hester, the birth of Pearl and the return of her husband Roger Chllingworth. The uses of the "theory of Romance" by Hawthorn follows an order. The order is initiated by Hawthorn looking for to write on a serious topic. The topic is the adultery of Hester, Pearls birth, the revenge by Chillingworth and the hypocrisy of Dimmesdale. Then he chooses the setting of his characters "On the outskirst of town, within the verge of the peninsula, but not in close vicinity to any other habitation, there was a small thatched cottage."3 The small cottage is Hester's home which is isolated from society. This is a characteristic of a heroic character which is Hester. His next step is to choose characters who have lived in real life and to associate them with fictitious characters. The fictitious characters being Hester Prynne, Roger Chllingworth, Reverend Dimmesdale and Pearl. The real life character being Governor Bellingham. "Here, to witness the scene which we are describing, sat Governor Bellingham himself, with

Excessive Talking Essay

I am being disciplined for talking in class without the teacher’s permission. I must realize that when too many people are talking at once, it is hard to hear and understand anyone at all. That is one reason why my teacher wants only one person to talk at a time. A second reason is that most people find it difficult to think about what they are trying to say if someone else is talking at the same time they are. A third reason I should not talk in class without first being given permission is that most people find it hard to concentrate on their schoolwork when others around them are talking. There are times to listen and think and work quietly. It is at these times that I should not talk without being given permission first. Additionally, by paying attention to, and doing, my schoolwork instead of talking without permission, I will probably get better grades. When I talk in class, I bother everyone around me. I also bother my teacher. By talking in class I keep myself and others from learning. I also show others that I have not learned how to follow directions or how to control myself. Some students might find it hard to be friends with me if I cannot follow directions or control myself, because they could get in trouble too, by talking back to me during class. In fact, if they get caught and I don’t, they will probably be angry at me because I started talking first! I should work very hard to not talk during class unless I get permission first. A step to learning how to stop talking is to know why I do it, and what problems it causes others. Then I need to make a plan for improving my behavior, like making a promise to the teacher (and myself) at the beginning of each class. Or, I could make a card to put on my desk during class that reads something like: â€Å"Get permission to talk.†

Dbq: the Black Plague

AP European History August 31, 2012 DBQ: The Black Plague From the late medieval era to the enlightenment a series of plagues devastated European society, economy, and social/political structure. Reaction toward the calamity ranged from rational and proactive to irrational, egoistic, and even criminal. Over all, the human devastation revealed a growth over time in government role and the role of the educated class in serving society, while uncovering a persistent criticism of the upper classes and the common people. The plague illiated a growing rational and proactive response, by the state and educated class.In 1512 Erasmus, a Christian humanist who prepared a new edition of the Latin and Greek testament, he was also known for his techniques using humanism to write his texts, proposed a scientific explanation blaming uncleanliness for the plague (Doc 2). The plague was carried around by rats which contributed to the dispersion of the bacillus. The areas that were the most susceptibl e to the plague where those with the most famine. In 1571 Heinrich von Staden, count of the Palestine, observed some of the cardinal consequences of the plague such as roads being guarded so that infected people didn’t move from the infected area (Doc 5).The closing of roads led to a disruption in trade throughout Europe. This had a major impact on economy. Only upper class people were able to afford the expenses required if they got infected. In 1576 Motto of Giovan Filippo, physician who is believed to be the first person to have described chicken pox, concluded that diseased had to be in quarantine, citizens who violated health regulations had to be punished and all infected items had to be burned (Doc 6). Not everyone could afford to pay quarantine and the ones who could pay for it were those who didn’t need it.The people who were the most affected were the peasants and they couldn’t afford it. By the 15th and 16th centuries the educated class started findin g new techniques to treat the diseased. In 1630 Father Dragoni, priest, helped by assisting the needed and providing economic supplies (Doc 9). This auxiliary movement was useful to many and made of him an example to others. In 1647 H. de Rochas, French physician, believed that hanging toads around the patient necks would draw out the poison (Doc 10). Many physicists such as Rochas were trying to find a cure.The plague also brought irrational and egoistic responses by different levels of society. In 1484 a schoolmaster at Deventer, when asked how his school was doing he responded by saying that only 20 of his students were killed (Doc 1). During this period in time only upper class citizens were capable of affording private schools. The rich didn’t have the necessity to go out of their houses. For this reason students wouldn’t go to school anymore and that way less upper class people were getting infected.In 1523 Nicholas Versoris, author, pointed out how rich people c ould fly away of the infected area leaving behind the poor (Doc 3). This type of people didn’t care about the rest, they egoistically thought and worried only about themselves. The people left behind were the most susceptible ones to getting infected. During the 15th and 16th centuries the upper class society was still blinded acknowledging reality. In 1656 Sir John Reresby, traveler, decided to travel to Italy knowing about the plague and religiously trusting his god that he wouldn’t get infected (Doc 12).Many upper class people didn’t care or didn’t take serious the severity of the plague. Most would travel all over Europe without caring if the disease was being expanded by them. In 1624 Lisabetta Centenni, common housewife, proposed that supernatural forces had cures his husband (Doc 7). During this era there were many people that were blinded by the church making them believe in forces out of the human sight and understanding. This kind of reasoning l et to people avoiding medical treatment because of religion. Such reasoning was introduced to the population by the church and its over leading power.In 1635 Nehemiah Wallington, English puritan, gave sight to his egoistic reasoning by listing the way he thought the plaque would take his family and by leaving him at last (Doc 8). In 1720 M. Bertrand, physician at Marseilles, is proposing that the plague has been caused by an angry god rather than natural causes (Doc 16). During this era there were many pagan people left that believed that everything was caused by the gods. This way of reasoning that led many to die praying to a god instead of looking for real remedies. People had really strong beliefs towards pagan gods.To those people the gods were the ones that directed every single part of their life. If some natural disaster occurred this kind of people wouldn’t think irrationally and would say their gods were angry at them. Criminal and social collapse was another major cause of the plagues caused by common people and the educated class. In 1583 Johann Weyer, German physician who was one of the first to be against witch persecution , said that people were getting paid to spread the plague so that the heirs of the dead and diseased obtained their inheritances (Doc 4). Such criminal acts were common and many people died from it.In 1651 Miguel Parets, Barcelona tanner, published that nurses were abundant during the time of the plagues so they would kill their patients in order to get their payment (Doc 11). Criminal levels were rising and people didn’t know who to trust anymore. Most people from the low classes were growing corrupt or with the necessity of having to steal or kill for food. In 1665 Samuel Pepys, English bureaucrat, said that people weren’t buying wigs anymore because they were afraid to get infected (Doc 13). Economy was going down because of the plague. People were afraid to buy and many weren’t even aloud in the roads.In 1722 Daniel Defoe, A Journal of the Plague Year, said that all trade stopped between them and other trading nations of Europe because they were all afraid of getting infected (Doc 14). Trade had officially collapsed for the infected area. No other nation wanted to risk their citizen’s health by buying goods from this area. In 1696 Emperor Leopold commissioned the â€Å"Plague Column† in gratitude for the end of the plague (Doc 15). The image shows a man knelt on the right side illustration praying and looking towards the sky were angels and saints are flying. On the left side of the image is a bible.

Bcm/275

Choose two misunderstandings you experienced and fill out the chart for these. Respond to questions 1 and 2 shown under the chart for each example of a misunderstanding. In your response, include the following: Cite a meaningful misunderstanding rather than a general or less material misunderstanding. Use business- or work-related examples rather than personal ones. Identify the roles of the sender and receiver, such as manager, peer, subordinate, client, vendor, and so forth Who was the sender?Client Who was the receiver? Myself (Client Service Manager) What was the message? The client asked for two checks to be sent to the Custodian, one with a mistake (contributions did not add up) and one that was correct (all contributions matched). What channel was used to send the message? E-mail was the channel used. What was the misunderstanding that occurred? The client thought that by sending two checks it would fix the issue with check number one which had a negative amount for a contribu tion.I had told the client in order to resolve the issue with check number one she needed to void said check and re-issue another one. How could the misunderstanding been avoided? The misunderstanding could have been avoided had we spoke on the phone with the Custodian conference in as they are the ones who rejected check number one. 1. What did you learn about the communication process from this activity?From this activity I learned that the message can be misunderstood if the communication is not correct, meaning the way the message is conveyed (e-mail, phone call, fax, etc. ). 2. What seemed to be the main causes of this misunderstanding? It seemed as if the Client was confused when I told her she needed to void one check an re-issue another one. Perhaps if we spoke on the phone she would have understood this and not told me to send both checks in 3. What tips can you suggest for preventing misunderstandings in communication?

Adults with Learning Difficulties Essay

â€Å"People with Learning Difficulties are unique individuals with their own likes and dislikes, history and opinions. They have the same rights as everybody else† To begin my assignment I will be discussing the history of social exclusion in relation to people with l’earning difficulties/disabilities . I will then outline process of Social work and in particular I will be focusing on intervention and how intervention has been used in relation to my chosen case study. In addition to this I will pay attention to a number of key issues in relation to society’s views on people with Learning Difficulties. I will also be discussing what Laws, Policies and Practices have been implemented to protect people with learning difficulties from oppression and discrimination and how effective these Laws have actually been in assisting people with Learning Difficulties to live the life they choose to live. During the late 19th century in particular, socially excluding people with learning disabilities was particularly inherent. At the time, those with ‘mental deficiencies’ were regarded as degenerates, and would often be blamed for social problems such as crime and poverty. This in turn led to the removal and institutionalisation of people thought to be ‘feeble minded’ and those referred to as ‘idiots’. Wolf Wolfensberger first published his thoughts about normalisation in 1972, through his works ‘The principle of Normalization in human service’. Wolfensberger argued that many of the problems with the institutions arose from the way in which they were designed and run. The residents of these institutions were treated like numbers rather than individuals, losing their identity and also their dignity. They were often regarded as primitive, uncontrollable and unable to be educated. The basic ideas and aims of the principles of normalisation have aimed to advocate community-based support for people with learning disabilities, whilst moving away from institutionalisation. But one of the most apparent obstacles in achieving this has been the attitude of those in the ‘community’ towards people with learning disabilities. Up to this point Social workers were still using the â€Å"tick box format† when conducting assessments and the medical model of practice was used which resulted in oppression of the service user. It was not until the NHS and community care Act and the community care (Direct Payments) Act was implemented in 1990’s that the attitudes towards people with Learning Difficulties began to improve along with the balance in power between Social Workers and Service Users. Further implementations of legal frameworks, policies and practices such as Valuing People 2001 and the Mental Capacity Act have helped to improve Social Work practice and in turn protect the rights of vulnerable people whilst promoting Anti-Discriminator practice, Social role valorisation and normalisation. Today’s process of Social Work consists of five key stages. These are Assessment, Deciding on outcomes, Planning, Intervention and Evaluation. Inter professional working should be placed centrally throughout all stages of the social work process in order to achieve the best possible outcome for the service user. Once the service users initial assessment has been carried out, decisions can then be made regarding the individuals overall needs and also their eligibility to receive funding for care packages and/or direct payments. Intervention can differ according to setting, but when looking at the intervention process for people with learning difficulties working in partnership and respecting the service user’s expertise is vital when putting agreed plans into action. This aspect of the intervention process can be linked to the exchange model as this approach promotes Anti Discriminatory Practice by empowering the service user to help make decisions about their future wellbeing. It also meets the expectations of the service user that social workers are respecting their expertise. Milner and Obrien 2002) During the intervention process it is the duty of the care manager/social worker to ensure that services provided are meeting the required standards and that the care is co-ordinated successfully to prevent deterioration due to gaps or lapses in care. It is also the responsibility of the care manager to ensure that services users are not excluded from services or receiving care that is of poor quality by constantly checking for discrimination stereotypes and assumptions made during the social work process. It is at this point that the intervention process can be linked with the objectives of Social role Valorisation; the objectives being to prevent people from attaining negative social roles and to promote positive valued roles in the first place. Work to reverse, or at least reduce the impact of existing negative roles and promote positive valued roles. The two key processes od social role valorisation are to enhance the social image of vulnerable people and to enhance their competencies. Social workers are expected to monitor and review intervention lans on a regular basis. Because of this it is vital that these plans can be changed at any time to suit the needs of the individual. When changes are made it is important that other organisations involved are kept up to date with these changes to ensure that the plan remains co-ordinated and effective. Although this theory of intervention illustrates a person centred approach, there is evidence to suggest that people with learning difficulties are still being failed by society due to standardisation and computerisation which can also be known as the â€Å"tick box format†. There are also many instances where there is an incorrect assessment of finances during the initial assessment process, due to the focus on resources available rather than needs. This can lead to the service user being denied access to services that they are entitled to. When looking at my case study Gemma, she has successfully been integrated into society after a comprehensive process of assessment, planning and intervention has been completed to form a person centred care package that suits her needs as an individual with profound and multiple learning difficulties, but also as a young woman who is a human being. The implementation of policies such as Valuing People 2001 and Valuing People Now promotes personalisation within society and has given people with Learning Disabilities like Gemma the right to their own independence, choice and inclusion. Also to have the option of appointing an advocate. However, I cannot help but feel that her story of success was down to the sheer determination of her mother, who had to fight for her daughters individual needs to be met. Social Workers and other multi professionals who were involved in assessment of Gemma’s needs obviously felt that she would have benefited from institutionalisation, as it is stated that this was suggested as a future plan on numerous occasions. I cannot help but wonder whether this has been due to professionals focusing on Gemma’s disability rather than focusing on her as a person. Valuing people 2001 states that the role of services is to help people no matter how complexed their disability, to live full and equal lives in their local communities. Although the article states that ideas for Gemma to live as independently as possible were well received and finally implemented, It is also obvious that there have been constant struggles to obtain funding such as direct payments to accommodate Gemma’s visions to live a normal life within her community. Following Wolfensbergers development of Social Role Valorisation, Obrien developed the five service accomplishments, which provided a practical framework to work towards Social Role Valorisation. Obrien suggests â€Å"Each accomplishment supports a vital dimension of human experience which common practice limits for people with severe Learning Disabilities. They challenge and strengthen the relationship between people with disabilities and other community members. (Obrien 1989) Recent articles published on the community care website have suggested that social workers themselves are witnessing the target-driven culture of bureaucracy within councils (just like Gemmas mum experienced ),and are aware that this has created numerous barriers to people with mental health problems gaining access to direct payments. It has been reported that a Social Work Team Manager within Adults with Learning Disabilities actually left her role at Doncaster Council in 2010 because she had encountered these problems and felt that it hindered the intervention process. She has since started up her own Personalisation Forum Group to bring these service users together. The weekly meetings at a community centre now attract 30 regulars, providing support and regular socialising opportunities. I utilise my social work skills to help the group solve the problems that they face; this involves reducing dependency on professionals by highlighting people’s strengths, and encouraging them to think through solutions on their own and with other group members. People describe feeling part of something, like they have some power over their own future and many for the first time can see something positive,† Hicks says. Michelle Lefevre, senior lecturer in social work at the University of Sussex, says it is a â€Å"sad indictment† that Hicks felt she had to leave local authority social work to build such meaningful relationships with users. Not only is local government overly focused on administration rather than spending time with children and families, she says, but problems in social work degree programmes and supervision mean practitioners are not equipped to deal with the emotional dimensions of the job. Overall it is very refreshing to read success stories like Gemma’s as it seems that she is living her live as independently as possible, whilst being supported by a dedicated team of people who are constantly ensuring that she is receiving person centred care and that her wishes remain central. It is my only hope that in the future it will not require a loving parent to fight the rights of a service user and to overcome hurdle after hurdle to receive the funding and care package they are rightful entitled to, but that the service user will be granted access to the services and funding they are eligible for with ease.

Environmental Issue Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Environmental Issue Project - Essay Example These greenhouse gases are the major air pollutants which are not only polluting the air, but also causing the atmospheric temperature to rise.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In this industrial age of human civilization, human activities are increasing the natural levels of those gases, by emitting carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels such coal, oil, and natural gas; methane and nitrous oxide produced by agricultural activities and changes in the use land use; and by some industrial gases that do not occur naturally but are long lived in the atmosphere. If emissions continue to grow at the present levels, the concentration of carbon dioxide will double those from pre-industrial levels during this century. Hence, to save this planet, the time has come to take appropriate measures for controlling air pollution.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Under such increasing problem of air pollution, the time has come to seriously think of this issue and take some vital steps to solve the problem of air pollution and its negative impacts. However, the major problem that arises while planning any solution measure of this problem is that the issue of air pollution is not a problem of any individual country. It’s a global problem as in this industrial age all the countries are suffering from this problem. Hence, this environmental problem can not be solved by any single country. Every country needs to be involved in the measures of controlling air pollution. Several international agencies, like United Nation, European Union, etc. have been making several efforts to control air pollution. Realizing the extent of potential dangers from air pollution lying in near future if the issue is left unaddressed; almost all the countries across the world have become quite conscious regarding the issue of air polluti on and have agreed to cooperate with each other in the process of controlling it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In an effort to obtain a

Virtualization and Computers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Virtualization and Computers - Essay Example The research process that shall be handled for this study is based on the different procedures used by the target audience to operate through the use of the virtualized e-systems that has now become a huge part of their lives. Chandra, Ramesh (2004). Analysis of Media and Communication Trends. Gyan Books. This book gives an understanding as to how modern communication is highly affected by the modern procedures of media applications in the world of computing making the possibility of virtual communication applicable to the modern systems of human connection through the use of the Internet. Donald, Stephanie H. & Balnaves, Mark & Donald, James (2001). The Penguin Atlas of Media and Information: Key Issues and Global Trends (Penguin Reference). Penguin Publishing Company. Discussing the different effects of the trend of virtualization in the modern generation is the main focus of this reading. Understandably, the author wants to make the readers understand how the situation of global virtualization through the use of the Internet affects them personally. McChesney, Robert W.& Newman, Rusell & Scott, Ben (2005). The Future of Media: Resistance and Reform in the 21st Century. Seven Stories Press. As the procedures of computer usage improve annually, this book introduces the facts and the strategies of improvement that technology takes through time to address the needs of the advancing demands of the human society. Richardson, Will (2006). Blogs, Wikis, Podcasts, and Other Powerful Web Tools for Classrooms. Corwin Press. This reading aims to express explanations with regards the most common systems of communication that makes virtualization through the Internet possible at present. It could be noted that through this reading, a careful understanding of the matter could be given fine focus on the part of the readers. Sahver, Mary Alice (2000). Trends in Media Management in the 21st Century: A Special Issue of the Journal of Media Economics (Journal of Media Economics). LEA, Inc. The media trends are noted by the author of this reading as a major understanding that is needed to be given attention by the present generation as they accept the virtualization of the modern systems of things TASK 5: Primary Research Exhibit Through the utilization of research procedures and direct observation, the needed information for this study is gathered. It could be observed that through this process, the researcher believes that the need of knowledge source is already suffice to answer the problem raised through this particular study. TASK 6: Thesis Statement The development of technology is inevitable, with the existence of internet, details on how has this technology and its virtualization actually affects the modern system of things is an essential factor to consider. TASK 7: Research Paper Organization (OUTLINE) 1. Introduction 2. The impact of PODCASTING in Interpersonal Communication a. The roots and Effectiveness of Podcasting b. Podcasting and how it affects the Education Process 3. Blogging and E-Mails a. Blogging Benefits 4. Media Procedures and Mediums in Human Communication 5. Conclusion TASK 8: Research Paper (SEARCH BELOW) HOW VIRTUALIZATION CHANGES THE COMPUTER WORLD: A Focus on the Discussion of the Facts Behind the Application of the Linux Virtual Server Introduction Computers and the benefits

Management Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 4

Management Accounting - Essay Example When budgets are imposed, department managers feel they do not have full control in their departments, which results in low morale and job dissatisfaction. This is the cause of the high turnover among his employees. Participative budgeting encourage a bottom-down approach to budgeting, involving the lower-level managers in the process of planning. This bottom-down approach requires each department manager to submit their proposed budgets for their departments; and with the assessment of the top-level managers will be subject to either approval or revisions. This gives the department managers authority over their finances, without the feeling of being imposed by the top-level management, thus motivating the manager to stay within budgets’ and at the same time top-level management does not give up control over these departments so as not to let the costs balloon. I would recommend participative budgeting for Mr. Sparkes to encourage support from department managers. As previously noted, participative budgeting encourage a bottom-down approach to budgeting, involving the lower-level managers in the process of planning. This bottom-down approach requires each department manager to submit their proposed budgets for their departments; and with the assessment of the top-level managers will be subject to either approval or revisions. This gives the department managers authority over their finances, without the feeling of being imposed by the top-level management, thus motivating the manager to stay within budgets’ and at the same time top-level management does not give up control over these departments so as not to let the costs balloon. Participative budgeting gives department managers the authority they need to feel motivated in doing their jobs, without the top-level management giving up control. By involving the department managers, they will be more motivated to stay within their budgets, thus keeping their morale up and lowering the employee turnover

The Aspects of Pablo Picasso's Life Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Aspects of Pablo Picasso's Life - Assignment Example The paper "The Aspects of Pablo Picasso's Life" gives a review of Pablo Picasso's life. It would not be an exaggeration to suggest that every person who is not even distantly connected to art has heard of Pablo Picasso. This paper will explore some of the aspects of his life. A Spanish painter, Pablo Picasso was one of the founders of the movement called Cubism. He was born on 25 October 1881 in Malaga, Spain and died at the age of 91 in Mougins, France. He did not have any physical, mental or emotional problems, exception for excessive passion for women. Speaking of his marriage, one should note that he was married twice: first time to Olga Khokhlova, a Russian ballerina, and second time to Jacqueline Roque. In spite of that fact he also had numerous affairs and children, for example from a seventeen year old girl named Marie-Thà ©rà ¨se Walter. The family of Picassos consisted of a father who was a curator in museum and a mother. Picasso struggled with different things in the cou rse of his life: he had numerous relationships, some of which he had to keep a secret; he opposed to different social as well as religious orders, fighting for his own vision of the world. As for his artistic legacy, one should note the following works: Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, The Weeping Woman and Guernica. They all laid a foundation of different movements which have influence the development of art for the centuries to come. Thus, there were different styles that Picasso used: there was some realism.

Community Health Advocacy Project Part Four Essay

Community Health Advocacy Project Part Four - Essay Example There are also protective strategies that promote risk factors and health cases (Glanz, Rimer & Lewis, 2002). The implemented strategies at this point encompass good nutrition standards and health education programs. In that aspect, the primary level of prevention is also concerned with persons who are at the point of stage susceptibility to a disease. Another one is the second level of prevention that is also called the secondary level. It lays emphasis on the early identification and prompt treatment of a disease to prevent its spread. Therefore, these measures are essential to deter serious effects that have a likelihood of occurrence in case the disease is not treated on time (Bartholomew, 2011). Alternatively, the secondary level also tackles the prevention of patients that is targeted at those facing the early stages and pre-symptomatic signs of the disease. In that case, one of the tactics for secondary prevention involves screening of the disease that affects both individuals and groups. The final level of prevention is called tertiary prevention. This always happens after the disease has just happened. It is targeted at terminating the influence of the disease and also reduces the damage to the affected individual. Tertiary prevention also deals with rehabilitative measures that assist in the improvement of body functioning that supersedes a disease. Therefore, in the case of aggregate assessment of HIV/AIDS in Belle Glade community, there are interesting issues to note. For example, the primary level of prevention also encompasses safe sex education for the population. The population should also be sensitized to engage in safe sex by always using condoms as a deterrent measure against HIV/AIDS infection (Department of Health and Human Services, 2010). Additionally, there should also be health education that informs the masses about the modes of HIV/AIDS transmission and

SHOW HOW COMMUNICATION RESEARCHERS AND PROFESSIONALS ARE USING Essay

SHOW HOW COMMUNICATION RESEARCHERS AND PROFESSIONALS ARE USING SYMBOLIC CONVERGENCE THEORY TO HELP EPLAIN OR IMPROVE A COMMUNICATION SITUATION - Essay Example These definitions are applied in attempts to understand the process of investigation and giving meaning to something. The simplest definition of communication is â€Å"sharing of information†. However, it is important to accept and perceive correctly what is shared. Some scientists define communication as an â€Å"exchange of perception†. It is a well-known fact that communication is very important not only in business but in our daily life. Its nature was thoroughly investigated by famous philosophers Aristotle, Socrates and Plato. Aristotle tried to create a communication and language theory. In his work The Rhetoric the philosopher talked about persuasion, while in another creation De Interpretatione  he shares his thoughts about the connection between reason and language. The Symbolic Convergence Theory, created by Ernest Bormann, offers a general interpretation of communication between people. The creator calls his theory "social scientific research in its goal of providing generalizations that hold for a large domain of communication" (Bormann, 1982). This theory offers a technique of people communication in a small group. The given paper is designed to explain and interpret the Symbolic Convergence theory. The Symbolic Convergence Theory is founded on the suggestion that individuals of one group should interchange visions with the purpose of making their group more united. These kinds of visions should disclose feeling. Once interchanging a vision within a collective, it develops a figurative union. This will improve the communication inside the group and its efficiency. A person can share any information, he can tell about his impressions, his taste, the food or beverage he likes. According to Antoine, Althouse, and Ball (2005), Symbolic Convergence Theory "underscores the human tendency to share dramatized narratives, which leads to the potential for persuasion" (Antoine, Althouse, and Ball,

How specific groups are represented in scripted television shows Essay

How specific groups are represented in scripted television shows - Essay Example It is important for such representation to adopt strategies that would help in the dismantling of misrepresentations, which have always been propagated with regard to some specific groups. Such specific groups could include gay groups, African Americans, women, immigrants, and others, which have attracted conflicting perspectives in the various attempts to access the inner patterns and rhythms of their world view. One potent illustration is the representation of the African American woman in â€Å"Awkward Black Girl† by Issa Rac (Christian, 2011). One of the underlying objectives of this show is to provide alternative portrayal of the African American woman. The creator emphasizes on the need to develop a product that would capture the real lives of the African Americans (Christian, 2011). She argues that the subject has been misrepresented in a variety of discourses across time and history. The aspect of creativity is equally important as it helps to instil the proper aesthet ics in the subject as portrayed in a completely new dimension. When properly represented, such strategies help in redeeming the special groups from the injustices of negative or inaccurate representations, which are mainly guided by misconceptions, stereotypes, and untruths as understood within the mentalities of the superior groups. Consistently, many special groups have lost favour in the cable television networks and must find alternative forms of media in order to reach their target audiences. Web series have become one of readily available and most resourceful solutions to such groups (Christian, 2010). However, this alternative features multiple opportunities and challenges. Web is slow and compares poorly to cable networks. As an alternative to cable television, web does not attract large audiences and does not have a determinate and visible physical presence on the market. By its very nature, it is fluid and variable, which denies it the advantage of stability and popularity . These same qualities also lock it out from lucrative segments of the market such as older audiences who are less likely to consume web-based products. Such audiences are conservative in nature are more likely to stick with the tried and tested methods (Siapera, 2010). Statistics from comparative analyses between web series and cable television show that the consumption of web series products is likely to correspond with the patterns of internet use. Past studies on internet usage have shown significant variations in the patterns and trends of internet consumption across the variables of gender, race, social status, levels of income, and other demographics that are to be found within the American population (Fourie, 2010; Hammer & Keller, 2009). Web has not built stable and reliable clientele that would shore up the ratings and performance of the upstart networks. Some media scholars have explained it as being at an evolutionary stage and that it may take some time for it to be emb raced wholly by larger segments of the society. Web is still a new invention in the media world and has not built reliable metrics that would help to even the odds faced by minority shows (Christian, 2010). Even then, web series remains some of the most convenient escapes onto the wider market by programs and shows run by minorities and which have been affected by structural and systematic challenges of survival. Studies have also shown that the web-based media